Kto z nas nie próbował włoskiego specjału sera parmezan?! Używany jako posypka do makaronu, sałatek, zup, a także podawany w kawałkach jako wykwintna przystawka. Tylko czy to na pewno był parmezan?
Spotykam się często z tym, że konsumenci mianem parmezan określają nie tylko Parmigiano Reggiano, ale także ser Grana Padano.
Pozornie podobne, ale w rzeczywistości bardzo różne sery zasłużyły na swój własny DOP (chroniona nazwa pochodzenia). Jednak tylko Parmigiano Reggiano na miano PARMEZAN oraz KRÓL SERÓW.
Oba sery mają szereg cech, które je jednoczą, ale znacznie więcej elementów, które pozwalają odróżnić je od siebie.
GŁÓWNE CECHY ŁĄCZĄCE PARMIGIANO REGIANO A GRANA PADANO:
- Pochodzenie – sięga ok 1000 lat wstecz i dotyczy obszaru Doliny Padu, kiedy to mnisi zaczęli przechowywać nadwyżkę mleka;
- Wygląd zewnętrzny – oba sery są podobne kształtem, wielkością oraz wagą;
- Liczba dojeń krów – w przypadku obu serów dojenie odbywa się 2 razy dziennie. Od drugiej połowy 2019 roku w przypadku Grana Padano wprowadzono możliwość korzystania z robota udojowego, przez co dojenie odbywa się spontanicznie, nierzadko częściej niż dwa razy dziennie;
- Podpuszczka – przy produkcji obu serów używana jest podpuszczka pochodzenia naturalnego.
RÓŻNICE MIĘDZY PARMEGIANO REGGIANO A GRANA PADANO:
- Okres dojrzewania – w przypadku Parmigiano Reggiano oznaczenie DOP (chroniona nazwa pochodzenie) nadawana jest minimum po 12 miesiącach, a najdłuższy okres sezonowania serów to powyższej 30 miesięcy . W Przypadku serów Grana Padano DOP nadawane jest już po 9 miesiącu dojrzewania, a najdłuższy okres to ponad 20 miesięcy. Oczywiście w przypadku obu serów okres sezonowania może być dłuższy;
- Mleko, które przeznaczone jest do produkcji Parmigiano Reggiano ma większą zawartość tłuszczu 2,8%, w przypadku drugiego rodzaju ok 2,6%. Im niższa zawartość tłuszczu tym ser szybciej dojrzewa.
- Obszar produkcji – produkcja Parmigiano Reggiano obejmuje terytoria prowincji Bolonii na lewo od rzeki Reno, Mantui na prawo od rzeki Pad, Modeny, Parmy i Reggio nell’Emilia. Produkcja Grana Padano obejmuje szerszy obszar, aż 32 prowincje w pięciu regionach: Piemont, Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Trentino Alto Adige;
- Żywienie krów – jedynie świeżą paszą lub sianem karmione są krowy, z których pozyskuje się mleko do serów Parmigiano Reggiano. W drugim przypadku dopuszcza się stosowanie paszy kiszonej;
- Smak – najbardziej znacząca różnica dla konsumentów – Parmnigiano Reggiano ma zwykle mocny smak, który ewoluuje wraz z dojrzewaniem. Przy 30 miesięcznym serze tego rodzaju można wyczuć nutę smakową zbliżoną do orzecha laskowego. Przy Grana Padano smak jest bardziej maślany.
Różnice w okresie dojrzewania oraz żywieniu krów wpływają na cenę, dlatego Parmigiano Reggiano („prawdziwy parmezan”) jest droższy. Jednak to nie odstrasza koneserów sztuki kulinarnej. Niepowtarzalny smak parmezanu oraz właściwości odżywcze sprawiły, że ten włoski ser można spotkać w kuchniach całego świata.
PARMIGIANO REGGIANO – PO CZYM POZNAĆ
Każdy z producentów produkujących Parmigiano Reggiano ma obowiązek stosowania oznaczeń świadczących o oryginalności produktu, czyli znaki pochodzenia oraz znak zgodności z normą. Oznaczenia są widoczne na kręgach sera, a dokładniej na skórce. Ser, który sprzedawany jest w kawałkach, tzw. trójkątach, wiórkach czy jako starty powinien zawierać na opakowaniu odpowiednie znaki zgodności z normą.
Znaki pochodzenia umieszczane na każdej formie sera to:
- stempel, który wybijany jest na skórce, na którym widnieją słowa naniesione wzorem kropeczkowym „Parmigiano Reggiano”, numer identyfikacyjny zakładu serowarskiego oraz miesiąc i rok produkcji;
- kod alfanumeryczny, który można zeskanować i zidentyfikować każdy ser gdzie i kiedy powstał;
- znak zgodności z normą, który nadaje się po przeprowadzeniu kontroli. Znak jest w owalnym kształcie, na którym umieszczona jest inskrypcja „Parmigiano Reggiano Consorzio Tutela” oraz rok produkcji.
CIEKAWOSTKI
Parmezan ma trzy stopnie dojrzewania:
- Najmłodszy ser dojrzewający od 12 do 18 miesięcy, zwany maturo, czyli dojrzały lub fresco czyli świeży;
- Od 18 do 24 miesięcy, zwany vecchio czyli stare, najbardziej popularny, przez co często można go znaleźć na półkach sklepowych w ogólnodostępnych marketach. Charakteryzuje go twardość i wyrazisty smak;
- 24 do 36 miesięcy – zwany stravecchio – jest suchy i niebanalnie wyrazisty w smaku.
Parmezan dla zdrowia
Reggiano jest źródłem białka, które jest bardzo wysokiej jakości. Wpływ na to ma na pewno proces produkcji, dojrzewania oraz mleko pozyskiwane od krów, które karmione są paszą z terenów nieskażonych przez człowieka. Pomimo dużej zawartości białka pozostaje serem chudym. Ponad to parmezan zawiera dobrze przyswajalny wapń (125mg/100g – pokrywa dzienne zapotrzebowanie na wapń). W Parmigiano Reggiano jest także spora ilość witaminy A (40 µg/100 g).
Parmezan może być spożywany przez osoby z nietolerancją białka krowiego. Nie zawiera laktozy.
W WOOD PIZZA jakość produktów oraz ich smak jest dla nas bardzo ważny, dlatego oprócz mozzarelli di bufala oraz fior di latte wybraliśmy właśnie Parmigiano Reggiano. Ten włoski ser idealnie komponuje się z pozostałymi używanymi przez nas produktami z włoskiej Kampanii.
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